A reliable supply of clean water is necessary for the social, economic, and environmental well-being of any area. The Water Supply Master Plan explains the strategy for providing a reliable and sustainable water supply cost-effectively. The Master Plan discusses the adopted water supply ‘level of service’ goal, water supply strategy to meet that goal, portfolio of water supply projects, and lays out the framework for the annual monitoring and assessment plan.

POD utilizes the following method for water supplying master plan studies:

✓ Assessment of water demands and projection
✓ Assessment of water resources and projection
✓ Assessment of water resource allocation

POD methodology for water demands and projection

Residential water demand forecasting headings

✓ Residential extension forecasting
✓ Population forecasting (urban, rural, tourism, temporary and permanent immigration)
✓ Population distribution and its dispersion
✓ Water consumption reduction plans Assessment of water losses (non-revenue water) and reduction plans
✓ Potable water consumption forecasting
✓ Risk analysis and importance factor
✓ Assessment of existing water supply systems and future plans
✓ Assessment of water supplying shortage regarding quality and quantity as well as fairly distribution of potable water

Industrial water demand forecasting headings

✓ Existing status and future plans of industrial development and distribution
✓ Future plan for industrial water consumption reduction
✓ Assessment of water losses (non-revenue water) and reduction plans
✓ Industrial water consumption forecasting
✓ Risk analysis and importance factor
✓ Categorization of needed water quality for industrial usage (potable, tertiary treated effluents, and direct effluent from WWTPs)
✓ Assessment of existing industrial water supply systems and futured plans
✓ Assessment of water supplying shortage regarding quality and quantity
✓ Assessment of existing and future plans for using recycled water and effluents

Agricultural water demand forecasting headings

✓ Existing and projection of agricultural developments
✓ Future plan for agricultural water consumption reduction plans regarding new irrigation systems
✓ Assessment of municipalities’ water consumption and needed quality (irrigation, washouts, artificial lakes)
✓ Assessment of existing agricultural water supply systems and future plans
✓ Assessment of cultivation patterns and capability of effluents usage regarding human health
✓ Assessment of existing and future plans for using recycled water and effluents

Ground Water Revival

Lakes and Wetlands Revival

Water Quality Modification

Environmental Revival

Special Considerations

Social Studies

Environmental Assessment

Passive Defense

POD methodology for water resources and projection

Surface water resource assessment

✓ Identification of watersheds and hydrological study in different climate conditions with positive and negative trends including statistical and forecasting methods
✓ Determination of available water flow rates in different climate conditions and in different periods of times
✓ Forecasting calibration with existing data from measuring stations
✓ Identification of existing usage of surface water in different watersheds
✓ Identification of existing and planned storage utilities (dams, lakes, wetlands, artificial lakes, etc.)
✓ Determination of excess water considering compensation for deficiencies (revival, modification plans, and environmental water allocations)
✓ Assessment of storage potentials
✓ Assessment of surface water quality and pollution and required treatments or correction actions

Surface water resource assessment

✓ Geo-hydrological study and identification of aquifers and their properties, types, storage capacity, and changing trends
✓ Aquifers’ feed modeling and forecasting (precipitation, runoffs, and surface water flow interactions as well as aquifers interaction and groundwater flow path and pattern)
✓ Assessment of the impact of wastewater collection systems on groundwater and aquifers
✓ Assessment of the impact of agricultural new irrigation systems on groundwater level and aquifers
✓ Forecasting calibration with existing data from measuring stations
✓ Identification of existing usage of groundwaters in different aquifers
✓ Assessment of treated or untreated wastewater feeds to underground and interactions with aquifers
✓ Determination of groundwater balances in different climate conditions (drought and wetness)
✓ Assessment of groundwater quality and pollution and required treatments or correction actions

Seawater resource assessment

✓ Assessment of seawater quality and pollution and required treatments
✓ Assessment of treatment’s wastes (brines, sludges, backwashes, etc.) disposal impact on the waterbody (hydrodynamic, mixing, and dilution modeling) and EIA
✓ Assessment of the water balance in the waterbody

Effluent resources and water recycling assessment

✓ Identifying sources of effluents (sanitary, Industrial, irrigating drains, and urban and rural runoffs)
✓ Assessment of existing and future plans for developing wastewater treatment plants
✓ Forecasting of effluent amounts for each source
✓ Assessment of tertiary treatment methods
✓ Assessment of future wastewater treatment plants locations in relation to the location of potential usage

Ancillary studies

✓ Terrain and topographical assessment
✓ Metrological assessment
✓ Geological assessment
✓ Geo-hydrological assessment
✓ Geo-chemistry assessment
✓ Data processing
✓ Assessment of relevant previous studies
✓ Rules and regulations consideration

POD methodology for water resources allocation

➣ Geo-matching of water resources and demands with the priority of potable and sanitary water regarding the capacity and quality in existing and future forecasting
➣ Solution for existing and future water shortages (quantities and qualities)
✓ Potable demands
✓ Agricultural demands
✓ Industrial demands
➣ Solutions for water deficiencies
✓ Ground water revival
✓ Lakes and wetlands revival
✓ Water quality modification
✓ Environmental water allocation
➣ Assessment of alternatives for master plans (technical, ✓ CAPEX and OPEX evaluation)
✓ Matching with existing and futured plans
✓ Passive defense consideration
✓ Social impact and fairly distribution of water
✓ Flexibility consideration
✓ Environmental impact consideration
➣ Guidelines for effluent and water recycling in agricultural usage regarding the type of the products and human health
➣ Effluent and water recycling plans for industrial demands in case of water shortage conditions.
➣ Definition of sub-projects regarding the accepted water supply master plan (developing, rehabilitation, and upgrading)
➣ CAPEX and OPEX estimation for sub-projects
➣ Implementation priority matrix for sub-projects
✓ Priority for localized water shortage
✓ Budgeting
✓ Private participation
➣ Upgrading plan for monitoring and measurements

Water supplying and water resources master plan deliverables

➣ Surface water required storage or adequacy confirmation or decreasing the reservation volumes

➣ Urban and rural runoff potential usage (i.e. municipalities’ usage, injection to aquifers, disposal to reivers for environmental allocation, special industries, special usage for cultivation) and needed treatment system

➣ Groundwater usage assessment and the limitation

➣ Optimized water resource allocation for different types of demands
➣ Usage of desalination system and its specifications

➣ Usage of effluents and categorized the end user required quality and consequently needed tertiary treatment.
✓ Irrigation usage
✓ Industrial usage
✓ Artificial lakes
✓ Revival of aquifers, lakes, wetlands, etc.)
➣ Solutions for water shortage for each type of demands ➣ Identifying the limits of developments (urban and rural, industrial complexes, agricultures) ➣Identifying water system utilities like transmission pipelines, water treatment plants, reservoirs, pumping stations, distribution networks

➣ Solutions for water deficiencies (Environmental allocation, lakes, wetlands, aquifers)
✓ Priority for localized water shortage
✓ Budgeting
✓ Private participation
➣ Upgrading plan for monitoring and measurements

Water Supplying Master Plans and Water Resourcing